The total earmarked for energy projects to be funded by European Union (EU) development co-operation has risen tenfold for 2014-20 compared to 2008-13, from E350m ($382m) to E3.5bn, of which E2bn will be spent in Africa. The highest amounts are for Zambia (over E240m), and Rwanda (E200m), followed by Tanzania (E180m) and Burundi (E105m), although a European Commission source stressed that these are indicative figures. The source told African Energy that energy funds spent in Africa by the EU will come from four sources: countries’ individual National Indicative Programmes (NIPs) financed by the 11th European Development Fund (EDF), the Regional Indicative Programmes, the PanAfrican Programme and an Intra-ACP Programme covering African, Caribbean and Pacific states.